Haku
Viitteet 1111-1120 / 2981
Erilaiset avioliittomuodot maailmalla ja niiden hyväksyminen Suomen lain mukaan
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
, mutta ovat varmasti kehittymässä maahanmuuton ja globalisaation myötä....
Marriage is an example of a concept that is recognized in several legal systems, though the meaning of the concept varies from system to system. When we hear someone representing a foreign legal system talk about marriage we often assume that we understand what they mean. The forms a marriage can take, and the rights and responsibilities associated with marriage are different in different countries. Marriage has still firmly retained it’s place in the legal system of countries. The basic idea of a marriage is the same, it’s an agreement between two people, where the parties agree to stay together. Despite the shared basic concept, there are differences in the legal consequences and the cultural nature of marriage. These differences are being compared to matrimonial law in Finland. Differences can be found in restrictions concerning age, the ways in witch a marriage can be instituted, laws regarding relatedness and the sexual orientation of the parties involved. There are some unexpected laws regarding marriage. For example in France is it possible to marry a dead person, and in the state of Montana it is not necessary for the parties to be present at the actual wedding ceremony. Lastly the recognition of foreign marriages in Finnish law is discussed. This is a subject that even those who are applying the law have only limited practical and legal experience in it. The practices regarding recognition of international family-relations in Finland are outdated, but are now being developed due to immigration and globalization....
Marriage is an example of a concept that is recognized in several legal systems, though the meaning of the concept varies from system to system. When we hear someone representing a foreign legal system talk about marriage we often assume that we understand what they mean. The forms a marriage can take, and the rights and responsibilities associated with marriage are different in different countries. Marriage has still firmly retained it’s place in the legal system of countries. The basic idea of a marriage is the same, it’s an agreement between two people, where the parties agree to stay together. Despite the shared basic concept, there are differences in the legal consequences and the cultural nature of marriage. These differences are being compared to matrimonial law in Finland. Differences can be found in restrictions concerning age, the ways in witch a marriage can be instituted, laws regarding relatedness and the sexual orientation of the parties involved. There are some unexpected laws regarding marriage. For example in France is it possible to marry a dead person, and in the state of Montana it is not necessary for the parties to be present at the actual wedding ceremony. Lastly the recognition of foreign marriages in Finnish law is discussed. This is a subject that even those who are applying the law have only limited practical and legal experience in it. The practices regarding recognition of international family-relations in Finland are outdated, but are now being developed due to immigration and globalization....
Sisäisen laskennan työkalu kiinteistönhoitoalan pienyritykselle
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Tässä opinnäytetyössä toteutettiin tutkimuksellinen kehittämistyö, jossa rakennettiin työkalu toimeksiantajayrityksen kasvuprosessin, kannattavuuden hallinnan ja hinnoittelun tueksi. Työkalu räätälöitiin juuri toimeksiantajan liiketoiminnan, kustannusrakenteen ja toiveiden mukaiseksi. Lopputulos ei sellaisenaan toimisi minkään muun yrityksen työkaluksi, mutta pienten muutosten jälkeen työkalua voisi hyödyntää myös jokin toinen kiinteistönhoitoalan pienyritys.
Työ koostuu teoriaosuudesta, työkalun rakennusvaiheen ja toimintalogiikan selvityksestä, sekä varsinaisesta työkalusta, joka on erillinen Microsoft Excel- tiedosto. Keskeisimpiä aihealueita työssä ovat kustannuslaskenta, katetuottolaskenta, toimintolaskenta, investointilaskenta, budjetointi sekä hinnoittelu. Tietoa teoriaosuuteen hankittiin alan kirjallisuudesta ja sähköisistä lähteistä. Työn lähtökohtien selvittämisen ja varsinaisen työkalun rakentamisen vaiheissa tietoa saatiin VFM-Palvelut Oy:n kirjanpidosta ja vapaamuotoisista kokouksista yrittäjän kanssa.
Lopputuotoksena rakennettiin neljä eri työkalua. Ensimmäinen tehtiin resurssien tarpeen laskemisen ja hinnoittelun tueksi. Kyseinen työkalu rakennettiin toimintolaskentaan perustuen ja se osoittaa kuinka paljon laskennan alla oleva kohde arviolta vaatii työaikaa. Toisen työkalun avulla yrittäjä voi analysoida liiketoimintansa kannattavuutta eri kapasiteeteilla, toimintasuhteilla, hinnoilla, katteilla ja kustannusrakenteilla. Työkalu tekee yrittäjän antamiin lukuihin perustuen katetuottoajattelun mallisen laskelman sekä useita tunnuslukuja. Kolmas työkalu antaa yrittäjälle tietoa investoinnin kannattavuudesta hänen syöttämiinsä kassavirtoihin perustuen. Neljäntenä työkaluna tehtiin tulos- ja kassabudjettipohjat, jotka on rakennettu räätälöidysti yrityksen kirjanpidon materiaalin mukaisesti.
Yrittäjä oli lopputulokseen erittäin tyytyväinen ja uskoi työkalusta olevan oleellista hyötyä jopa vuosiksi eteenpäin. Yrityksen sisäisen laskennan seuraava vaihe voisi olla tarkempi todellisen suorituskyvyn mittaaminen, jolloin työkalua voisi kehittää vielä tehokkaammaksi ja tarkemmaksi kokonaisuudeksi....
This thesis presents the results of research development work conducted for the client, in which a toolbox was created to support the growth process, profitability and pricing decisions. The tool was built precisely to meet client`s business...
This thesis presents the results of research development work conducted for the client, in which a toolbox was created to support the growth process, profitability and pricing decisions. The tool was built precisely to meet client`s business...
Lohjanportin Auto Oy markkinointisuunnitelma
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli laatia markkinointisuunnitelma Lohjanportin Autolle vuodelle 2016. Yritys on pitkät perinteet omaava autoliike, jonka toimipisteet sijaitsevat sekä Lohjalla että Tammisaaressa. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tehdä markkinointisuunnitelma jonka yritys voi ottaa heti käyttöön sekä muokata sitä tulevaisuudessa vastaamaan omia tarpeita. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin toiminnallisena tutkimuksena.
Työn teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu markkinoinnin johtamisen sekä markkinoinnin suunnittelun teoriasta. Yksi tärkeimmistä asioista markkinointisuunnitelmaa tehdessä on tehdä se kirjallisena. Lisäksi yrityksen henkilöstön tulee sisäistää se ja sitoutua siihen. Toinen tärkeä asia on, että mark-kinoinnin suunnittelun tulee olla jatkuva prosessi.
Opinnäytetyö on toteutettu yhteistyössä Lohjanportin Auton kanssa. Tietoja työtä varten on saatu Lohjanportin Auton toimitusjohtajalta, talouspäälliköltä sekä myyntijohtajalta. Markkinointisuunnitelman perustana ovat lähtökohta-analyysit, joiden perusteella on tehty SWOT-analyysi. Tämän lisäksi määriteltiin yritykselle strategia ja kehitettiin sen toimintamalleja, jotta se pärjää kireässä kilpailutilanteessa. Lopputuloksena on markkinointisuunnitelma, jota on hyvä käyttää apuna lopul-lista vuoden 2016 markkinointia suunniteltaessa....
the company could use straight away and be able to sustain and modify it according to future needs. The thesis was executed as functional dissertation. The theoretical frame of reference is based on marketing management and marketing planning theory. One...
the company could use straight away and be able to sustain and modify it according to future needs. The thesis was executed as functional dissertation. The theoretical frame of reference is based on marketing management and marketing planning theory. One...
Markkinoinnin kehittäminen kustannustehokkaasti Case: Studio Jsuvala
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Tämän työn toimeksiantona oli kehittää erään kuopiolaisen valokuvaamon markkinointia kustannustehokkaasti. Yrityksen resurssit olivat vähäiset ja siksi markkinointikeinojen täytyi olla pienikustanteista tai ilmaista. Työn tavoitteena oli...
. In addition development proposals related to segmentation and visual marketing were created. In the future, photographic studio could also try a new segment. This practical thesis allows Studio Jsuvala to get more visibility and clients, because the work...
. In addition development proposals related to segmentation and visual marketing were created. In the future, photographic studio could also try a new segment. This practical thesis allows Studio Jsuvala to get more visibility and clients, because the work...
Tunteiden merkitys kosmetiikka-alan videomarkkinoinnissa
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Tässä opinnäytetyössä käsitellään tunteiden merkitystä videomarkkinoinnissa. Työssä tutkitaan myös miten videomarkkinointia voidaan tehostaa tunteiden ymmärtämisen avulla. Opinnäytetyö tehtiin yhteistyössä Everyday Minerals Suomen kanssa, joka on vasta aloittamassa videomarkkinointiaan. Tavoitteena oli etsiä yhteistyöyritykselle mahdollisimman hyödyllistä tietoa videomarkkinoinnin ja tunteiden yhdistämisen mahdollisuuksista. Opinnäytetyön kehittämiskysymykset ovat ”Miten mainosvideot vaikuttavat ihmisten tunteisiin ja sitä kautta ihmisten ostokäyttäytymiseen?”, ”Miten videomarkkinointi toimii kosmetiikka-alalla?” ja ”Kuinka tehostaa yrityksen videomarkkinointia tunteet keskiössä?”
Opinnäytetyössä on paneuduttu kosmetiikkakuluttajien ostokäyttäytymiseen ja syvällisemmin tunteisiin videomarkkinoinnin osalta. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin laadullista ja määrällistä tutkimusmenetelmää. Tutkimus suoritettiin haastattelemalla sekä ammattilaisia että kosmetiikan kuluttajia ja laadittiin opinnäytetyön aiheeseen liittyvä kysely. Lisäksi opinnäytetyössä tehtiin benchmarkkausta kosmetiikka- ja autoalan videomainosten välillä. Tietoperustana on käytetty kosmetiikka-alaa, videomarkkinointia, tunteita ja ostokäyttäytymistä.
Lopputuotoksena haastatteluista on tehty videodokumentti, jonka kohdeyleisönä ovat kaikki, jotka ovat kiinnostuneita tehostamaan videomarkkinointiaan. Sekä haastatteluiden että kyselyn tuloksista on tehty infograafi. Edellä mainittujen tuotosten on tarkoitus selkeyttää opinnäytetyön kokonaiskuvaa visuaalisesti helposti tulkittavaksi.
Opinnäytetyön tuloksista käy ilmi, että kosmetiikka-alalla toimii tunnepohjainen videomarkkinointi. Tunteisiin vaikutetaan videomarkkinoinnissa tarinalla, visuaalisuudella ja äänellä. Myös videobloggaajilla on tällä hetkellä merkittävä asema kosmetiikan markkinoinnissa. Tulevaisuudessa nähdään, että läpinäkyvyys on yhä suurempi osa yritysten videomarkkinointia. Tärkeää tietoa tuloksista on saatu myös siitä, miten kosmetiikan työelämän edustaja pystyy suunnittelemaan omaa videomarkkinointiaan....
This Bachelor’s thesis investigates the purpose of emotions when planning video marketing. It examines also the opportunities in combining video marketing and emotions and making video marketing more efficient. The thesis was conducted...
This Bachelor’s thesis investigates the purpose of emotions when planning video marketing. It examines also the opportunities in combining video marketing and emotions and making video marketing more efficient. The thesis was conducted...
Työtyytyväisyystutkimus vuokratyöntekijöille
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
vuokratyöntekijöiden keskuudessa ensimmäistä kertaa koko henkilöstön laajuudessa. Tutkimuksella haluttiin selvittää työntekijöiden työhyvinvoinnin tilaa ja siihen keskeisimmin vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tarkoituksena oli käyttää tuloksia toimeksiantajayrityksen...
Survey on the work satisfaction of temporary employees The subject of this thesis is a survey of the work satisfaction of temporary employees. The survey was commissioned by a private employment agency (Company X) operating in the Uusimaa region in southern Finland in spring 2014. The work satisfaction survey was the first one conducted amongst all of the temporary employees working for the company. The aim of this thesis was to study the occupational welfare in the company and the factors affecting it. The results were to serve as the basis for the future development of occupational welfare, personnel processes and improved client co-operation in the company. This thesis describes the whole survey process, starting with the initial commissioning meeting and ending with the reporting of the final results. The first step was to map out the aims and needs of the company. This thesis is based on research literature, especially focusing on the concepts of work welfare, temporary employment and survey studies. The theories and given aims steered the survey questions and the structured questionnaire. A digital tool was used to create the questionnaire as well as to send and collect the answers. The response rate of the survey was 43 per cent. Based on the results, the temporary employees were fairly satisfied with their work and also with Company X as an employer. Nearly 80 per cent of the employees considered the company fulfilled their expectations as an employer partially or completely. Almost as many said they would recommend the company as an employer. Improvement areas were found to be, for example, in communication and in giving instructions. A clear demand for improvement could be seen in the way the company tells the employees about the state of their employment (i.e. the grounds, current situation and their employment future). Also, the survey showed that the contact persons within the company needed to develop their communication system. There was also a need to improve co-operation and the division of work. The absence of comprehensive private occupational health care was regarded as a major problem. Work satisfaction and motivation were negatively affected by the difference in benefits and compensations when the temporary employees and the permanent employees were compared. The temporary employees were most satisfied with the recruitment process. They were also pleased with the information they received on Company X and its procedures. The employees felt themselves treated with respect. Salaries were paid orderly and in time. In general, the employees relied on the future of the company. Based on the survey, good co-operation with employees and user companies are a prerequisite for the work welfare of temporary employees. According to this survey, the key factors for increasing trust and work satisfaction are threefold. The first factor is open and sufficient communication, the second being good reachability and personal interaction, and the third factor being the clarification of processes and roles. In general, the field of temporary staffing needs the continuous development of processes and responsibilities in order to ensure sufficient and fair treatment of temporary employees. Keywords: work satisfaction survey, occupational welfare, private employment agency, temporary employment, temporary employee...
Survey on the work satisfaction of temporary employees The subject of this thesis is a survey of the work satisfaction of temporary employees. The survey was commissioned by a private employment agency (Company X) operating in the Uusimaa region in southern Finland in spring 2014. The work satisfaction survey was the first one conducted amongst all of the temporary employees working for the company. The aim of this thesis was to study the occupational welfare in the company and the factors affecting it. The results were to serve as the basis for the future development of occupational welfare, personnel processes and improved client co-operation in the company. This thesis describes the whole survey process, starting with the initial commissioning meeting and ending with the reporting of the final results. The first step was to map out the aims and needs of the company. This thesis is based on research literature, especially focusing on the concepts of work welfare, temporary employment and survey studies. The theories and given aims steered the survey questions and the structured questionnaire. A digital tool was used to create the questionnaire as well as to send and collect the answers. The response rate of the survey was 43 per cent. Based on the results, the temporary employees were fairly satisfied with their work and also with Company X as an employer. Nearly 80 per cent of the employees considered the company fulfilled their expectations as an employer partially or completely. Almost as many said they would recommend the company as an employer. Improvement areas were found to be, for example, in communication and in giving instructions. A clear demand for improvement could be seen in the way the company tells the employees about the state of their employment (i.e. the grounds, current situation and their employment future). Also, the survey showed that the contact persons within the company needed to develop their communication system. There was also a need to improve co-operation and the division of work. The absence of comprehensive private occupational health care was regarded as a major problem. Work satisfaction and motivation were negatively affected by the difference in benefits and compensations when the temporary employees and the permanent employees were compared. The temporary employees were most satisfied with the recruitment process. They were also pleased with the information they received on Company X and its procedures. The employees felt themselves treated with respect. Salaries were paid orderly and in time. In general, the employees relied on the future of the company. Based on the survey, good co-operation with employees and user companies are a prerequisite for the work welfare of temporary employees. According to this survey, the key factors for increasing trust and work satisfaction are threefold. The first factor is open and sufficient communication, the second being good reachability and personal interaction, and the third factor being the clarification of processes and roles. In general, the field of temporary staffing needs the continuous development of processes and responsibilities in order to ensure sufficient and fair treatment of temporary employees. Keywords: work satisfaction survey, occupational welfare, private employment agency, temporary employment, temporary employee...
Verkkokaupan tilaus-toimitusprosessin kartoittaminen ja kehittäminen
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Verkkokaupan menestykseen vaikuttavat muun muassa näkyvyys, hinnoittelu sekä taustaprosessien tehokkuus. Tehokkuutta voidaan lisätä kiinnittämällä huomiota taustaprosessien tunnistamiseen ja kuvaamiseen, jonka jälkeen prosessia voidaan arvioida ja...
Describing and Developing an Online Store ́s Order-Delivery Process Running a successful online store requires more than just being able to receive orders and process payments. An online store needs to have good visibility, an understanding of product pricing and to be able to manage background processes efficiently. Efficiency can be achieved by paying attention to background processes that take place, when customers purchase products online. By recognizing and describing these processes, it is possible for the company´s management to better evaluate and develop processes and to gain competitive advantage. This study addresses the description and development an online store´s order-delivery process for a case –company. The primary purpose of this study is to produce a present state description of the order-delivery process and in addition, to give insights into developing and improving the process. This study is a combination of research and development, as its purpose is both to describe and develop the order-delivery process of the case company. This study consists of a theory section that covers the online store´s operational environment, its order-delivery process as well as the process description and development theories. The empirical section deals with the describing and developing the process. This study was conducted with qualitative methods. The information was collected by observing the employees at the case company and by interviewing the company´s CEO. As a result, this study provides both a written and visual description of the case company´s order-delivery process. Furthermore, this study enlists some operational suggestions to improve the current order-delivery process. Moreover, these documents also give a good solid ground for further development and evaluation of the company´s processes....
Describing and Developing an Online Store ́s Order-Delivery Process Running a successful online store requires more than just being able to receive orders and process payments. An online store needs to have good visibility, an understanding of product pricing and to be able to manage background processes efficiently. Efficiency can be achieved by paying attention to background processes that take place, when customers purchase products online. By recognizing and describing these processes, it is possible for the company´s management to better evaluate and develop processes and to gain competitive advantage. This study addresses the description and development an online store´s order-delivery process for a case –company. The primary purpose of this study is to produce a present state description of the order-delivery process and in addition, to give insights into developing and improving the process. This study is a combination of research and development, as its purpose is both to describe and develop the order-delivery process of the case company. This study consists of a theory section that covers the online store´s operational environment, its order-delivery process as well as the process description and development theories. The empirical section deals with the describing and developing the process. This study was conducted with qualitative methods. The information was collected by observing the employees at the case company and by interviewing the company´s CEO. As a result, this study provides both a written and visual description of the case company´s order-delivery process. Furthermore, this study enlists some operational suggestions to improve the current order-delivery process. Moreover, these documents also give a good solid ground for further development and evaluation of the company´s processes....
Ammattikorkeakouluopiskelijoiden kiinnostus sijoittamiseen
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Opinnäytetyön aiheena oli tutkia ammattikorkeakouluopiskelijoiden kiinnostusta sijoittamiseen ja Laurean opiskelijat ovat tutkimuksessa perusjoukkona. Tutkielmatyön tarkoituksena oli sel-vittää millainen käsitys opiskelijoilla on sijoittamisesta ja...
The subject of the thesis was to study the Laurea University of Applied Science students' inter-est in investing. The purpose of the thesis was to find out what ideas the students have about investing and see if they have any interest in to invest in the future. This thesis didn’t have a client, but the results were presented to Samlink Ltd. The theoretical framework consisted of three parts dealing with the various investment items, investment risks and how to get most likely the best possible profit. The research was quantitative, which aims to get as much as possible, so that the result would be a reliable used. The survey was conducted by electronic e-form, which was sent by an e-mail to students of Laurea. The study revealed that the students are interested in investing. Minimal understanding of the investment is, however, students’ problem....
The subject of the thesis was to study the Laurea University of Applied Science students' inter-est in investing. The purpose of the thesis was to find out what ideas the students have about investing and see if they have any interest in to invest in the future. This thesis didn’t have a client, but the results were presented to Samlink Ltd. The theoretical framework consisted of three parts dealing with the various investment items, investment risks and how to get most likely the best possible profit. The research was quantitative, which aims to get as much as possible, so that the result would be a reliable used. The survey was conducted by electronic e-form, which was sent by an e-mail to students of Laurea. The study revealed that the students are interested in investing. Minimal understanding of the investment is, however, students’ problem....
Tuoteperheen lanseeraus myymälässä
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee tuoteperheen lanseerausta suuressa vähittäiskaupan yksikössä. Lan-seeraus toteutettiin käytännössä opinnäytetyön tekemisen ohessa. Työn tarkoituksena on selvittää miten varsin suuren tuoteperheen lanseeraus toteutettiin...
and shop floor marketing to the progress of marketing and sales. The thesis focuses on the in-house implementation activities. The second part of the thesis describes how the product launch was implemented in practice, and how the product family...
and shop floor marketing to the progress of marketing and sales. The thesis focuses on the in-house implementation activities. The second part of the thesis describes how the product launch was implemented in practice, and how the product family...
Lakien perustuslainmukaisuuden valvonnan tehokkuus
(Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu, 2016)
Lakien perustuslainmukaisuudella tarkoitetaan lakien ristiriidattomuutta suhteessa perustuslain säännöksiin. Perustuslainmukaisuuden valvonnan tarkoituksena on ylläpitää oikeusjärjestyksen yhtenäisyyttä ja ristiriidattomuutta. Valvonnassa on kyse...
The Efficiency of the Supervision of the Constitutionality of Laws The constitutionality of the law refers to the lack of contradictions in laws in relation to the statutes of the constitution. The purpose of the supervision of constitutionality is to uphold uniformity and lack of contradiction in the judicial system. Supervision concerns issues of the constitutionality of laws, the correct hierarchical order of the provisions of law, complying with civil rights, and that the right institution evaluates the constitutionality of a law. The aim of supervision is to realize the legal protection of citizens. The thesis is a legal study that deals with the supervision of the constitutionality of laws from the perspective of constitutional law. The objective of the thesis is to explore whether the supervision of the constitutionality of laws is efficient in Finland. Judicial literature and international legal systems are the most important research subjects and source materials. The efficiency of the Finnish supervision mechanism is examined with the techniques of comparative law study by comparing the mechanism to other international supervision models in France, Germany, and the United States. Based on the results of the judicial comparison, it can be stated that the supervision of the constitutionality of laws is efficient in Finland. Supervision is efficient, because overall the supervision system is thorough and usually works well. It fulfills its goals by realizing the legal protection of citizens. Preliminary supervision is functional and it is complemented by subsequent supervision. The supervision model fits the Finnish constitutional law culture and the separation of powers. In Finland, supervision of the constitutionality of laws is established. In general, trust in institutions supervising constitutionality is good. Based on the thesis, the national supervision system can be improved by giving the statements of the Constitutional Law Committee a judicial validity in the constitution. In the Constitutional Law Committee judicial discretion should be independent from political discretion, and interpretation must be based on judicial sources. With the help of assessors, the operation of the Constitutional Law Committee must be developed towards more independent judicial discretion. For the subsequent supervision, which occurs at the abstract level of laws, a work group that carries out the general subsequent supervision in the system should be established. Different supervision institutions should be actively sharing information on the supervision system and discussing about the development of supervision....
The Efficiency of the Supervision of the Constitutionality of Laws The constitutionality of the law refers to the lack of contradictions in laws in relation to the statutes of the constitution. The purpose of the supervision of constitutionality is to uphold uniformity and lack of contradiction in the judicial system. Supervision concerns issues of the constitutionality of laws, the correct hierarchical order of the provisions of law, complying with civil rights, and that the right institution evaluates the constitutionality of a law. The aim of supervision is to realize the legal protection of citizens. The thesis is a legal study that deals with the supervision of the constitutionality of laws from the perspective of constitutional law. The objective of the thesis is to explore whether the supervision of the constitutionality of laws is efficient in Finland. Judicial literature and international legal systems are the most important research subjects and source materials. The efficiency of the Finnish supervision mechanism is examined with the techniques of comparative law study by comparing the mechanism to other international supervision models in France, Germany, and the United States. Based on the results of the judicial comparison, it can be stated that the supervision of the constitutionality of laws is efficient in Finland. Supervision is efficient, because overall the supervision system is thorough and usually works well. It fulfills its goals by realizing the legal protection of citizens. Preliminary supervision is functional and it is complemented by subsequent supervision. The supervision model fits the Finnish constitutional law culture and the separation of powers. In Finland, supervision of the constitutionality of laws is established. In general, trust in institutions supervising constitutionality is good. Based on the thesis, the national supervision system can be improved by giving the statements of the Constitutional Law Committee a judicial validity in the constitution. In the Constitutional Law Committee judicial discretion should be independent from political discretion, and interpretation must be based on judicial sources. With the help of assessors, the operation of the Constitutional Law Committee must be developed towards more independent judicial discretion. For the subsequent supervision, which occurs at the abstract level of laws, a work group that carries out the general subsequent supervision in the system should be established. Different supervision institutions should be actively sharing information on the supervision system and discussing about the development of supervision....









