Advance bioremediation techniques, an appropriate method for the removal of biological emerging pollutants in wastewater

Abstract

The relevance of bioremediation techniques used for the elimination of pollutants of emerging concerns is one of the main issues in this research work. These pollutants when exposed to the environment, can results in environmental and health related issues. Therefore, they must be controlled by environmental bodies. In some water bodies such as oceans and seas, there exist several emerging pollutants which often lead to unbalanced atmospheric conditions, especially when exposed to non-target species. The negative effects caused by emerging pollutants due to their accumulation rate in the environment have risen a growing need for a sustainable remediation method such as bioremediation. Due to large volumes of natural water contamination as a result of industrialization, rapid urbanization, and inadequate sanitation. Due to these activities, it has resulted to serious negative effects on human health. Because of the high level of contamination, water treatment requires special consideration through the preservation of environmental factors (pH, temperature, and nutrient content), and biological parameters that guarantee their stability and growth in polluted water bodies. Microbial bioremediation has the potential to tackle these issues through different mechanisms to ensure complete eradication of several contaminants by degradation. Different processes are used by bacterial, fungal, and algal remediation to reduce these contaminants. This thesis focuses mostly on the removal of hazardous pollutants such as heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and health care products, and agricultural products using different microorganisms.