Sustainable Cold Chain Logistics in Finland: challenges and solutions

Abstract

Cold chain logistics was examined because maintaining stable temperatures is especially difficult in Finland’s long-distance and cold environment. The work was carried out to identify the main sustainability challenges and to review solutions that could improve energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and strengthen temperature control. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was used to analyze scientific studies, engineering research, national reports, and EU policy documents. The review showed that high energy use, refrigerant leakage, temperature deviations, long transport routes, and uneven digital readiness were the main factors affecting sustainability. Several solutions were identified, including real-time monitoring, routing optimization, warehouse energy improvements, phase-change materials, low-GWP refrigerants, and early-stage electric or hybrid refrigerated vehicles. It was concluded that technical upgrades, improved digital tools, and stronger organizational practices were needed, especially among smaller operators, to support a more sustainable cold chain system in Finland.