Environmental and Economic Benefits of Modern Hybrid Ro-Ro Vessels Equipped with Advanced Two-Stroke Engines in Comparison with Conventional Four-Stroke Engine Applications : Realization of Savings through Design, Main Engine Type, Mega Battery Technology, Waste Heat Recovery, Solar Power and Air Lubrication

Abstract

The maritime industry is vital to global trade, with over 80% of goods transported by sea in 2021 (UNCTAD). However, shipping accounts for nearly 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions. This master’s thesis explores the environmental and economic benefits of modern hybrid Ro-Ro vessels with advanced two-stroke engines compared to conventional four-stroke applications. Key areas of focus include vessel design, mega battery technology, waste heat recovery, solar power integration, and air lubrication systems. The research seeks to quantify efficiency gains and savings, posing the question: To what extent have modern Hybrid Ro-Ro vessels’ Energy Saving Systems been or can be utilized? Finnlines Eco-class vessels and their predecessors, the Breeze-class series, serve as case studies. As a 2nd and Chief Engineer on both vessel types, the author draws on firsthand experience. Using a mixed-method approach, this study primarily employs quantitative analysis, supplemented by qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. A comparative assessment evaluates the environmental and economic impact of design choices. Findings indicate that hybrid Ro-Ro vessels with advanced two-stroke engines significantly improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and lower operational costs. However, certain operational factors hinder the full realization of their potential savings.