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Itsemääräämisoikeus ja pakkokeinojen vähentäminen sosiaali- ja terveysalalla : Missä kulkee autonomian ja heitteillejätön raja?

Ahonen, Sari (2016)

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Ahonen, Sari
Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu
2016
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The permanent address of the publication is
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2016053110951
Abstract
Self-determination and the reduction of using coercion in social and health care - Where is the borderline between autonomy and abandonment?

Increasing autonomy and the reduction of using coercion in social and health care are global trends that are driven by the confluence of ideological and legal factors. The expansion of human rights and liberal ideas of individual self-determination have radically changed health care management practices. In particular, the change applies to groups of people previously considered deviant and in need of guardianship, such as the mentally ill, the mentally challenged and individuals with memory disorders.

Change has been rapid since the mid-1950s as an international large-scale demolition of inpatient facilities and a transition to outpatient care occurred only in the 1990s. The demands from the disability rights movement for social and political influence have had a strong impact on society, contributing to the reform of structures and methods in the care of previously disenfranchised patient groups. Demands for reform were also echoed in Finland, however, as many aspects of the existing laws on a patient's self-determination and use of coercion are outdated and do not meet the standards set by the international human rights community or the requirements of European Union law. Practices of involuntary care are in many ways based on local traditions, which is why the study of these practices is important in the development of the Finnish social and health care systems.

The thesis describes a multiphase research development project with the objectives of empowering the individual and reducing involuntary care measures. The development project started from a need to identify the impact of reforms in patient self-determination laws on restraining practices of the elderly in round-the-clock care. Initial mapping of the practices relating to self-determination and involuntary care among the elderly patients was conducted in two health care facilities for the elderly by using the Ethico™ roleplay debate-method. Data was analyzed using the content analysis method and the results obtained suggest that staff caring for the elderly are often uncertain about the proper use of restraining methods and what a patient’s self-determination means in a given care situation.

The enactment of planned legislation, however, failed in spring 2015, which is why this study took a new turn and at the same time became more international. The project has been further developed in cooperation with the Finnish MAPA® center. The development project was eventually expanded to encompass the philosophical, legal and social origins of the movement for reduction of the use of restraint and the promotion of a patient’s right to self-determination. Completion of MAPA® training and the acquisition of related skills during three months in England was central to the project. Becoming familiar with relevant British law, as well as community involvement and communication, blog posts, newspaper articles and lectures, all formed an integral part of the development project. Self-determination and the reduction of coercion are themes that run through the thesis as well as the question: "Where is the borderline between autonomy and abandonment?"

”Ethico” is a registered trademark 2016 Sari Ahonen & Tarna Kannisto
 
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