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The practices of aseptic technique of perioperative nurses in operation room to prevent surgical site infection : integrative literature review

Phan, Thi My Dung; Nguyen, Ngoc Minh Thu (2021)

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Thesis Publication (702.6Kt)
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Phan, Thi My Dung
Nguyen, Ngoc Minh Thu
2021
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2021092217996
Tiivistelmä
Surgical site infections are the most common preventable health care-associated infections. However, the complications of SSIs are associated with additional inpatient stay costs, morbidity, and mortality. Perioperative nurses must be well-educated and well-trained to perform aseptic technique for preventing SSIs as well as facilitating safe surgical procedures for patients. Aseptic technique practices involve the performance of hand hygiene, donning gloves, applying surgical attire, preoperative aseptic skin preparation, aseptic instrument preparation, and aseptic environment maintenance.

The thesis aims to explore which elements are related to the perioperative nurses’ practices in aseptic technique in operation room, regarding the prevention of SSIs and how these practices affect to the outcomes of SSIs.

The purpose of this thesis is to promote understanding and awareness of aseptic technique in operation room, which contributes to SSI prevention. Particularly, the study is beneficial for senior nursing students and graduated nurses as a holistic picture of aseptic technique for further specific research related to this topic.

A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was executed in this literature review. The data search and collection processes are mainly from electronic databases as EBSCO, SAGE, and PubMed in association with the consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The year publication was from 2010 to 2020 in order to meet the requirement of timely and update knowledge provision. Inductive content analysis was conducted to analyse collected data and generate appropriate categories relevant to research questions.

Regard of SSI prevention, double set of sterile gloves is recommended in clinical practice to decrease the possibility of inner gloving perforation and bacterial transmission inside out. Surgical hand rubbing with alcohol-based disinfection solution is more preferred than traditional scrubbing. Despite insufficient evidence, surgical attire, including gown, surgical headgear, and SMs is routinely recommended in clinical practice compliance. If necessary, hair removal with clippers is preferable than razors. Shoe covers, a back-and-forth technique in skin preparation, adhesive surgical drapes were supported by a very low level of evidence. Meanwhile, staff movements, door openings, temperature, and airflow have been suggested to affect the integrity of the sterile field by a moderate amount of evidence. A minor point was also pointed out that 30-47% of entries and exits from the OR are unnecessary.
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