Finnish pension insurance system and its gender disparities
Hedman, Nina (2022)
Hedman, Nina
2022
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202302162466
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202302162466
Tiivistelmä
The purpose of this thesis is to open two of Finland's main pension schemes briefly and to clarify the related legislation, which can be found quite abundantly. The information currently available on pensions is distributed and unclearly presented in books and websites, so the aim is to clarify and simplify the matter, especially from a socialcare studies point of view, which can be used for self-study for example. Pensions are strongly linked to the Finnish social welfare system with over 1.5 million different pension recipients from multitude of different pension schemes. Pensions are the largest single item of social expenditure. Through my work, I have personally drawn particular attention to the coverage of the income of old retired females and its difference from many men.
The Finnish pension insurance system consist of two main complementary pension plans, National pension and earnings-related pension. The goal of the pension insurance system is to provide secure income against various long-term risks. The national pension covers all Finnish residents meeting the minimum requirements related to time of residence and the earnings-related pensions cover people with earned income. In Finland there has been a gap between the total pension amounts received by genders. This gap has been the most pronounced between generations who have come to working age before the national pension system has been implemented in 1961. Historically women started participiating in the workforce as a norm from early 1970 onwards, which led to a generational gap in the earnings related pensions received by women.
In this thesis I am going to introduce my theoretical framework, examine the key concepts and brief history of the Finnish pension insurance system, its development over time and the following trends. Purpose of the literature review of this thesis is to find and analyse the differences in received pension amounts between genders and how these have developed over time. In the second part of the thesis, I will explain the research methodology and research questions used in the literature review. Lastly, I will condense the results and conclude findings and thoughts.
The Finnish pension insurance system consist of two main complementary pension plans, National pension and earnings-related pension. The goal of the pension insurance system is to provide secure income against various long-term risks. The national pension covers all Finnish residents meeting the minimum requirements related to time of residence and the earnings-related pensions cover people with earned income. In Finland there has been a gap between the total pension amounts received by genders. This gap has been the most pronounced between generations who have come to working age before the national pension system has been implemented in 1961. Historically women started participiating in the workforce as a norm from early 1970 onwards, which led to a generational gap in the earnings related pensions received by women.
In this thesis I am going to introduce my theoretical framework, examine the key concepts and brief history of the Finnish pension insurance system, its development over time and the following trends. Purpose of the literature review of this thesis is to find and analyse the differences in received pension amounts between genders and how these have developed over time. In the second part of the thesis, I will explain the research methodology and research questions used in the literature review. Lastly, I will condense the results and conclude findings and thoughts.