Nature-based solutions in urban stormwater management in Viet Nam : case study for Campus II, Can Tho University
Heinonen, Jaakko (2025)
2025
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202503134194
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202503134194
Tiivistelmä
Nature-based solutions (NBS) can be effective tools for managing urban flooding caused by climate change and rapid urbanization, for instance, by mitigating peak flows. Controlling runoff quantity and quality can address a variety of societal challenges, such as the material damages caused by floods and the loss of biodiversity.
Viet Nam is highly prone to flooding and the government aims to promote the adoption of nature-based solutions in adapting to climate change. Can Tho, located in the Mekong Delta, suffers annually from floods caused by rapid urbanization, heavy rainfall, river flooding, tidal surges, and their combinations.
This study examines the ability of a park, located in Campus II of Can Tho University, to detain runoff caused by 90-minute rain events of varying intensities using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). In addition to present day rainfall scenarios, the rainfall-runoff model incorporates the intensification of rain events caused by climate change and land use changes in the study area. As well as defining the park's current detention capacity, the study investigates measures to increase detention capacity with a focus on nature-based solutions. A critical part of the work was defining the catchment area, subcatchments, and their characteristics based on field observations and existing data.
The findings indicate that increasing the park's detention capacity is relatively straightforward by implementing a floodable park design that allows controlled flooding. Two park design drafts were developed as part of the study, increasing the park’s runoff flood storage volume by approximately 64 % compared to the current situation. According to SWMM modeling results, based on 2024 rainfall predictions, the park's current capacity cannot sufficiently detain even the runoff from the shortest studied 2-year return period rain event, considering future land use. The proposed measures in the park design drafts can detain runoff from 20-year return period rainfall, according to the modeling. The park's detention capacity is based on its flood storage volume, as it was not feasible to include a stormwater conveyance system with NBS within the planning area without reducing the overall detention capacity.
Viet Nam is highly prone to flooding and the government aims to promote the adoption of nature-based solutions in adapting to climate change. Can Tho, located in the Mekong Delta, suffers annually from floods caused by rapid urbanization, heavy rainfall, river flooding, tidal surges, and their combinations.
This study examines the ability of a park, located in Campus II of Can Tho University, to detain runoff caused by 90-minute rain events of varying intensities using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). In addition to present day rainfall scenarios, the rainfall-runoff model incorporates the intensification of rain events caused by climate change and land use changes in the study area. As well as defining the park's current detention capacity, the study investigates measures to increase detention capacity with a focus on nature-based solutions. A critical part of the work was defining the catchment area, subcatchments, and their characteristics based on field observations and existing data.
The findings indicate that increasing the park's detention capacity is relatively straightforward by implementing a floodable park design that allows controlled flooding. Two park design drafts were developed as part of the study, increasing the park’s runoff flood storage volume by approximately 64 % compared to the current situation. According to SWMM modeling results, based on 2024 rainfall predictions, the park's current capacity cannot sufficiently detain even the runoff from the shortest studied 2-year return period rain event, considering future land use. The proposed measures in the park design drafts can detain runoff from 20-year return period rainfall, according to the modeling. The park's detention capacity is based on its flood storage volume, as it was not feasible to include a stormwater conveyance system with NBS within the planning area without reducing the overall detention capacity.