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The four theories' context in malaria vaccination implementation to promote intersectoral collaboration of decision makers in Kebbi State of Nigeria

Katainen, Minni (2025)

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Katainen, Minni
2025
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2025060520919
Tiivistelmä
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, particularly affecting young children. Several systemic issues, including weak healthcare infrastructure, low healthcare funding, corruption, and regional inequalities, contribute to the difficulty of implementing vaccination programmes. It is typical for health care that many guidelines, policies and regulations exist, but the practical implementation can be challenging due to multidisciplinary aspects, geographical locations and cultural challenges. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to analyse and apply health promotion theories and models to guide multidisciplinary, effective, ethical and sustainable implementation of malaria vaccination programme in Kebbi State of Nigeria, as a format of questionnaire encouraging decision makers for multidisciplinary collaboration. The hypothesis was that multidisciplinary collaboration could create the sustainable basis for malaria vaccination implementation and therefore help to reduce malaria-related mortality among children under five years of age in Kebbi State. The constructive research method was used because it is suitable for solving practical problems whilst providing theoretical contributions that are academically appropriate. The qualitative e-survey was organised for Nigerian health care professionals (N = 5) and a literature review was completed. Both findings were analysed using theory-oriented content analysis with chosen theories. This study developed a question-framework (13-point questionnaire) to help building up a plan how the health care decision makers along with other relevant stakeholders and community should work in malaria vaccination implementation. It was positively received for its comprehensive approach, with suggestions to further enhance its clarity and focus. These adjustments were done but further evaluation was left for future studies.

The findings from the e-survey and literature review analysis highlighted that successful malaria vaccination implementation in Kebbi State requires addressing structural barriers such as weak governance, underfunded healthcare systems, and persistent socioeconomic disparities. A multidisciplinary, community-centered, transparent, and equity-focused strategy is critical for success. Key priorities include strengthening healthcare infrastructure, ensuring community engagement, trust-building, improving vaccine logistics, and fostering sustained political and financial commitment. Although malaria vaccine acceptance is relatively high, persistent misinformation and awareness gaps must be actively countered. Through these strategies, malaria vaccination implementation programme could achieve sustainable and long-term public health improvements in Kebbi State. In sum, one of the key concerns of the study was the lack of intersectoral collaboration in the malaria vaccination implementation, and the 13-point questionnaire formulated of four models’ context could help to frame the multi-sectoral collaborative strategies into practice. The results point out that the intersectoral collaboration and effective culturally adapted communication methods are suggested to be underscored in malaria vaccine implementation process before concentrating at more detailed factors.
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