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Understanding Psychosocial Wellbeing and Support Systems Among Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh : An integrative literature review

Ferdous, Jannatul; Kalakheti, Sonu (2025)

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Ferdous, Jannatul
Kalakheti, Sonu
2025
All rights reserved. This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2025061022199
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For decades, the Rohingya were forcedly displaced from Myanmar to Bangladesh, as a result the current humanitarian emergency involving over one million Rohingya, who are now housed in overcrowded camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors for psychosocial wellbeing faced by Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and to assess the accessibility and impact of support initiatives led by humanitarian organizations. The objectives of this assessment are to explore the positive factors that support psychosocial wellbeing, to determine the hindering factors and to understand the adaptive measures that the Rohingya refugees have for improving their mental health. Adopting Silove’s model and the Social Ecological Model (SEM) helps to illustrate the relationship between personal wellbeing and the influence of society. To learn more, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee’s (IASC) Mental Health and Psychosocial Support System (MHPSS) framework was used to analyze how many and which services were currently being offered.

The review takes an integrative literature review approach, combining research that uses qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Data was collected between 2017 and 2025 from papers, grey literature, and reports available on PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. Only Rohingya studies from Bangladesh were evaluated, as the study focused on psychological stress, effective coping, and solutions. This study found that post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety affect up to 40% of refugees, mostly due to conflicts leading to displacement, losing citizenship and increasingly harsh living situations caused by lack of space, food and proper health services. Still, there were positive influences such as families staying close, religious beliefs, and projects by community groups that support people’s strength.

Factors that prevent wellbeing include gender-based violence, difficulties with communication, the stigma attached to women’s challenges, and lack of funds for services. The result revealed that using faith, healing methods passed down and cultural activities is a powerful way for people to continue with their lives. However, it becomes clear from this analysis that there is a gap between what communities require and the models currently being offered by the government.
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