Physicochemical properties of commercial FCC catalysts after aging and regeneration processes characterized by AFM

Abstract

The introduction of zeolite enriched fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) for the transformation of crude oil into gasoline and other fuel products has revolutionized the petroleum refining. It is theorized that the performance of the FCCs is dependent on the physical structure of FCC. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze and characterize FCC in 3 different states (fresh, equilihrium, and regenerated). Results from AFM data show that roughness and size of pores of FCC decreased up to 113rd of original value during use, hut could he increased after regeneration. However such properties did not return to original state. Evidence of possihle nickel and vanadium contamination was also ohserved. Atomic structure could he measured. Data suggests no significant destruction of the crystallinity of the zeolites during the cracking or regeneration process.