The Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Indirect Stakeholders of the Tourism Industry in South Asia

Abstract

The COVID19 pandemic and its strong effect on the tourism industry, which plays a crucial role in generation of both employment and GDP in South Asia, have produced both economic and social impacts. Especial concern was given to the so-called indirect stakeholders people and organizations who do not directly provide tourism services but depend on this industry as the source of their income, i.e. local artisans or transport and suppliers. The scholars sought to explore the socio-economic implications of the pandemic on such indirect stakeholders as well as present practical recommendations on how the recovery can be made. A mixed-methods study was applied, using survey results and semi-structured interviews of the people affected in South Asia. Statistical procedures were used to interpret quantitative data to ascertain the trends of loss in revenue, employment other and support services. Qualitative information provided better understandings of life experiences and coping mechanisms. The results showed a prevalence in loss of income, decline in employment and vulnerability of women and informal workers. There was a low number of reported institutional support provided to many stakeholders, and they had shown resilience by means of innovation and collaboration with their communities. This research discovered that indirect stakeholders continue to be underrepresented in recovery planning by far, and the policies may focus on inclusive policies, financial support, and sustainable tourism to create resilience in the tourism value chain.