Termisk tröghet hos tunga väggar och dess inverkan på snabba U-värdesmätningar
Svensk, Fredrik (2017)
Svensk, Fredrik
Yrkeshögskolan Arcada
2017
All rights reserved
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2017052410039
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2017052410039
Tiivistelmä
Med de ökade kraven på minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser kommer även byggnadssektorn att påverkas med krav på miljöanpassade lösningar. För att undersöka en fastighets värmerelaterade energiförluster används U-värde. U-värde är ett mått på det värmeflöde som passerar genom väggen från det uppvärmda utrymmet. Brittiska Building Research Establishment har genomfört undersökningar som visar att beräknade U-värden som använder tabellvärden visar felaktiga resultat. På grund av detta finns det ett behov av nya metoder och mätare som kan mäta befintliga byggnader på plats. Arcadas U-värdesmätare mäter över en period av ca 60 min vilket gör de effektiva men känsliga för snabba temperaturförändringar. Det finns redan riktlinjer för tiden det tar för lättare väggkonstruktioner att uppnå termisk balans. Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka en byggnad med tung väggkonstruktion och den termiska tröghetens inverkan på mätresultaten. Byggnaden som undersöktes var Minervaskolan i Helsingfors, som har 550 mm tjocka murade tegelväggar. Undersökningen bestod av en förundersökning med IR-kamera och konstruktionsdetektor för att säkerställa att positionen var fri från anomalier. En mätposition per väderstreck valdes för att minska solens påverkan. U-värdena analyserades sedan med hänsyn till väderdata och den medeltemperatur som rått upp till 4 dygn innan mätningen. Analysen var av kvantitativ art och genomfördes för 4 olika mättillfällen då temperaturskillnaden skapade förändringar i U-värdet. Resultaten visade att hastigt förändrade temperaturer inte påverkade mätningen om skillnadernas integral var nära den temperatur som användes i U-värdesberäkningen fördröjningen låg då mellan 24 och 48 timmar). En långsam men konstant temperaturförändring genererade istället felaktiga resultat (med en temperaturfördröjning på ca 84 timmar). Resultaten kan användas som riktlinjer vid energidiagnoser av byggnader med tunga väggkonstruktioner men fordrar fortsatta undersökningar för att få fastslagna riktlinjer. With the increased requirement for reduced greenhouse gas emissions, the building sector will also be affected by the demands for more environmentally friendly solutions.
U-value is the measurement that is used as a measurement for the heat flux passing through the wall from the heated space. In order to define the heat-related energy losses of a building U-value is the most commonly used unit. The Building Research Establishment has conducted research showing that the U-value calculated from table values result in incorrect values and that there is a need for new methods and equipment that can measure existing buildings on site. Arcada’s U-value meters measure over a period of approximately 60 minutes, making them time efficient but sensitive to rapid temperature changes. There are guidelines for the time a lighter wall needs to be in thermal balance. The purpose of this thesis is to study a building with a heavy wall structure and the impact of thermal inertia on the measured values. The surveyed building was Minervaskolan which has 550mm thick brick walls. The work consisted of a preliminary survey with an IR-camera and a construction detector to ensure that the measurement positions were free from anomalies. One measurement position per point of the compass was chosen to reduce the impact of the solar radiation on the final results. The U-values were analyzed with respect to weather data and the average temperature that stretched back 4 days (96h) before the actual measurement. The analysis was of a quantitative nature and was conducted for 4 different days when the temperature difference resulted in changing
U-values. The results revealed that rapidly changing outdoor temperatures did not affect the measurement if the integral of the difference was close to the temperature used in the actual U-value measurement, the temperature delay was between 24 and 48 hours. A slow but consistent temperature change, however, generated results outside the margin of error of 10%, with a temperature delay of approximately 84 hours. The results can be used as new guidelines for energy diagnoses made with Arcada’s U-value meters in regards to buildings with heavy wall structures. The findings, however, require further testing to become established guidelines because of the uncontrolled elements of the study.
U-value is the measurement that is used as a measurement for the heat flux passing through the wall from the heated space. In order to define the heat-related energy losses of a building U-value is the most commonly used unit. The Building Research Establishment has conducted research showing that the U-value calculated from table values result in incorrect values and that there is a need for new methods and equipment that can measure existing buildings on site. Arcada’s U-value meters measure over a period of approximately 60 minutes, making them time efficient but sensitive to rapid temperature changes. There are guidelines for the time a lighter wall needs to be in thermal balance. The purpose of this thesis is to study a building with a heavy wall structure and the impact of thermal inertia on the measured values. The surveyed building was Minervaskolan which has 550mm thick brick walls. The work consisted of a preliminary survey with an IR-camera and a construction detector to ensure that the measurement positions were free from anomalies. One measurement position per point of the compass was chosen to reduce the impact of the solar radiation on the final results. The U-values were analyzed with respect to weather data and the average temperature that stretched back 4 days (96h) before the actual measurement. The analysis was of a quantitative nature and was conducted for 4 different days when the temperature difference resulted in changing
U-values. The results revealed that rapidly changing outdoor temperatures did not affect the measurement if the integral of the difference was close to the temperature used in the actual U-value measurement, the temperature delay was between 24 and 48 hours. A slow but consistent temperature change, however, generated results outside the margin of error of 10%, with a temperature delay of approximately 84 hours. The results can be used as new guidelines for energy diagnoses made with Arcada’s U-value meters in regards to buildings with heavy wall structures. The findings, however, require further testing to become established guidelines because of the uncontrolled elements of the study.