Raakaa fonismia -saksofonin soittotekniset efektit Jan Garbarekin soitossa 1970-luvun alussa
Siirala, Kaisa (2008)
Siirala, Kaisa
Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu
2008
The permanent address of the publication is
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-200812184539
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-200812184539
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to find out how saxophonist Jan Garbarek plays certain effects or extended techniques on the saxophone. I have studied Garbarek´s playing from three different music samples by transcribing, emulating and analysing the music. The work includes three transcriptions from Garbarek´s solos on the recordings Afric Pepperbird 1970, SART 1971 and Triptykon 1972. By emulating or playing by myself I have thrown light upon the means by which Garbarek produces certain sounds and effects. This work tells you also about the musical context that Garbarek was part of in the beginning of the 1970´s and his musical influences including John Coltrane´s free period. The work will tell you some history of free jazz genre and how the avant garde style came to Europe. The effects that Garbarek uses are among others: Overtones, multiphonics, split tone, growl, altissimo, butterfly effect, half-tongue and alternative fingerings. I discuss the history of these effects and tell which saxophonists have used them and in which kind of musical environment. I also analyse the transcriptions by verbal means and tell which effect Garbarek has used and where. I also consider how he has produced the effects on his horn. These analyses you can find in the result part of this work. On an appendixed CD you can listen to the Garbarek´s solos that the transcriptions are made of. There is also a sample on each discussed effect played by Garbarek and by myself. It is essential to listen to the recording because there is not a well established way to express certain sounds on sheet music or by verbal means. Listening tells you more than transcriptions or words could ever tell you. On the final chapter I make observations on why Garbarek uses the effects that he does and on the aesthetic views on the effects in their musical context. I also consider what kind of emotions they provoke. The examples in this work present effects that brake the sound and make it more brutal or raw. The effects produce energy to the music. I consider how the use of effects has changed in Garbarek´s playing during the years. I explain why I find practising to produce effects useful with the saxophone and how practising the effects has influenced on my playing and on the relationship with my instrument. I also present the further pedagogical use of the transcriptions.