Policy of Onsite and Small-Scale Wastewater Treatment Options in Finland
Klammer, Ines (2013)
Klammer, Ines
Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu
2013
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2013092515552
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2013092515552
Tiivistelmä
This thesis was done to explain the current Finnish policy on onsite and small-scale sanitation in depth. The most relevant legislation on national and European level was included as well as financing options for upgrades and new installments. In 2011 the latest legislation concerning rural wastewater treatment in Finland came into force. Private households are required to clean their wastewater from organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen, before releasing it to nature.
The most used onsite wastewater treatment options were presented and explained and estimates for their initial and annual costs given. These options included infiltration systems, sand filters and small wastewater treatment plants as well as closed and septic tanks. Furthermore, alternative solutions such as dry toilets and constructed wetlands were taken into consideration.
The feasibility of the treatment options for Finnish circumstances was examined. In studies conducted around the country phosphorus and nitrogen removal has had varying results. None of the solutions was found to be universally usable. Improvement solutions for the implementation of the legislation were suggested and also legislation examples from other EU countries were taken into consideration.
Parts of the thesis were used in a policy document on rural wastewater treatment in central and eastern European countries drawn up by the non-governmental organization WEFC (Women in Europe for a Common Future).
The most used onsite wastewater treatment options were presented and explained and estimates for their initial and annual costs given. These options included infiltration systems, sand filters and small wastewater treatment plants as well as closed and septic tanks. Furthermore, alternative solutions such as dry toilets and constructed wetlands were taken into consideration.
The feasibility of the treatment options for Finnish circumstances was examined. In studies conducted around the country phosphorus and nitrogen removal has had varying results. None of the solutions was found to be universally usable. Improvement solutions for the implementation of the legislation were suggested and also legislation examples from other EU countries were taken into consideration.
Parts of the thesis were used in a policy document on rural wastewater treatment in central and eastern European countries drawn up by the non-governmental organization WEFC (Women in Europe for a Common Future).