Impacts of Lithium-ion battery utilization on the vessel’s greenhouse gas emissions
Konttori, Jari (2024)
2024
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202403275235
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202403275235
Tiivistelmä
IMO has adopted mandatory measures for international shipping to improve vessels’ energy efficiency and, for example, reduce CO2 emissions/transport work by 40% by 2030. The IMO measures focus on the vessel’s operational emissions but in the fight against climate change the net GHG emissions are essential, and therefore, the emissions resulting from the vessel’s building should also be considered. The measures do not define technical solutions, and with the current technologies, battery hybrid vessels are among the solutions to improve the vessels’ energy efficiency.
The objective of the thesis was to study the possible reduction of GHG emissions achieved by using a battery system on the RoPax ferry Aurora Botnia and the possibility of compensating the battery production emissions by the vessel’s reduced operational emissions.
The combination of onboard measurements and literature review was used for assessing the vessel’s net GHG emission. The systematic literature review was used to estimate the GHG emissions for the battery production, while the onboard measurement data collected during the vessel’s operation was used to determine the GWP difference between the combustion engine and the hybrid operation. The GWP difference between the operational modes was considered to represent the operational GHG reduction achieved by the battery usage. Finally, the battery production GHG emissions were compared with the reduced operational GHG emissions to estimate the battery production emissions compensation time. The GHG emissions were compared with the functional unit GWP in t CO2eq.
The results suggest an average of 7% to 22% lower GWP in hybrid mode in comparison to combustion engine mode. Also, the GWP per trip is approximately 1 to 4 t CO2eq lower in the battery hybrid operation. The battery production compensation time was estimated between 31 to 116 sailed trips or 11 to 42 days, depending on the monthly GWP difference. The results support the view that the use of the battery hybrid system contributes to the vessel’s net GHG reduction.
The objective of the thesis was to study the possible reduction of GHG emissions achieved by using a battery system on the RoPax ferry Aurora Botnia and the possibility of compensating the battery production emissions by the vessel’s reduced operational emissions.
The combination of onboard measurements and literature review was used for assessing the vessel’s net GHG emission. The systematic literature review was used to estimate the GHG emissions for the battery production, while the onboard measurement data collected during the vessel’s operation was used to determine the GWP difference between the combustion engine and the hybrid operation. The GWP difference between the operational modes was considered to represent the operational GHG reduction achieved by the battery usage. Finally, the battery production GHG emissions were compared with the reduced operational GHG emissions to estimate the battery production emissions compensation time. The GHG emissions were compared with the functional unit GWP in t CO2eq.
The results suggest an average of 7% to 22% lower GWP in hybrid mode in comparison to combustion engine mode. Also, the GWP per trip is approximately 1 to 4 t CO2eq lower in the battery hybrid operation. The battery production compensation time was estimated between 31 to 116 sailed trips or 11 to 42 days, depending on the monthly GWP difference. The results support the view that the use of the battery hybrid system contributes to the vessel’s net GHG reduction.