A comparative study of balance measurements in ice hockey players

Abstract

Maintaining stability is a fundamental aspect of human movement, essential for executing tasks efficiently and smoothly. Stability is achieved through the generation of precise joint torques that counteract any deviations from the desired body orientation. These deviations are primarily detected by our sensory systems, which integrate information from three key sources: the somatosensory/proprioceptive system, the visual system, and the vestibular system.

Sport-related concussions are a significant concern in ice hockey, and balance assessments play a crucial role in their management. Concussions can impair various aspects of balance and postural control, and balance tests are often incorporated into concussion evaluation and return-to-play protocols. Identifying and addressing balance deficits through comprehensive assessments is vital for proper concussion management, rehabilitation, and ensuring a safe return to play for affected athletes.

This study aimed to compare the subjective Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) and objective sway measurements in assessing balance among ice hockey players. It investigated performance differences between good and poor balance groups, determined by SCAT5 scores, across various sway protocols. Ice hockey players underwent SCAT5 balance assessment and sway measurements under different stance positions, visual conditions, and surface stability.

The study recognised that, the poor balance group, identified by higher SCAT5 scores, exhibited significantly worse performance in most protocols. However, the lack of significant differences in certain protocols suggested an oversimplification of the SCAT5 tool in comprehensively assessing balance control. Comparisons of sway length distance measurements across different stance protocols within groups revealed the critical roles of the somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems in maintaining postural stability. As task complexity increased by altering surface compliance, visual input, or stance position, deficits in integrating sensory information became more apparent in the poor balance group.

In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of comprehensive balance assessments that include both challenging and relatively easier protocols. The double leg stance and tandem stance protocols demonstrated sensitivity in detecting balance deficits or strengths, making them valuable early indicators of overall balance abilities. These protocols offer practical applications beyond the study's participants, particularly for assessing balance in populations with varying abilities, such as the elderly. By incorporating these protocols into assessment batteries, practitioners can tailor interventions and training programs to improve postural stability and reduce the risk of falls and injuries across diverse populations.