The effect of water hyacinth on water ecosystem: control mechanisms and utilization for different purposes

Abstract

Water is an essential natural resource for the existence of human beings and other living things. Its quality and quantity can be compromised by many factors, one of which is aquatic invasive weeds such as water hyacinth. Exacerbated by a growing population, global warming, and the leaching of minerals into water bodies, the expansion of water hyacinth has become a global concern. Its aggressive reproduction rate accompanied by structural advantages, severely disturbs aquatic habitats by competing for available nutrients, dominating other communities and impeding a range of human activities relying on water bodies. In contrast, because of its high affinity for various nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal ions, it is an economical and effective choice for treatment of polluted water. Furthermore, its biomass is ideal for the synthesis of organic fertilizers, handcrafts, and animals’ feed. To benefit from water hyacinth and minimize the damages it causes, it is essential to know its interaction with the aquatic ecosystem and regulate its expansion. This thesis reviews the control mechanisms and implementation of circular economy strategies in the efficient utilization of water hyacinth. It concludes by underlining the importance of finding a balance between the control and utilization of water hyacinth and suggests research on its application in the field of medicine.