Emphasising and enabling urban agriculture for local authorities : elaboration of urban agricultural activities and policies in Glasgow and Dresden

Abstract

Urban agriculture (UA) holds significant potential for enhancing food security, promoting social cohesion and providing environmental benefits, contributing to sustainable urban development. However, its integration into urban planning remains inconsistent and faces numerous challenges. This study provides a comparative analysis of UA policies and activities in Dresden, Germany and Glasgow, Scotland, to identify systemic barriers and propose strategies for more effective integration of UA into urban planning frameworks. Dresden and Glasgow represent different stages of UA integration within their urban policies. Dresden's approach, including the "Edible City" initiative and recent efforts such as the appointment of a dedicated UA employee in 2023, reflects a growing interest in UA. However, the city still faces significant barriers, including regulatory constraints and limited institutional support. In contrast, Glasgow demonstrates a more advanced integration of UA through the Glasgow City Food Plan and the Food Growing Strategy 2020-2025, supported by organizations like the Glasgow Community Food Network (GCFN). Glasgow's approach illustrates the importance of strong institutional backing and comprehensive policy frameworks. The study identifies several systemic barriers to UA integration, including regulatory challenges, land tenure issues and fragmented policy domains. Regulatory constraints often arise from zoning laws that do not accommodate urban farming, while land tenure issues stem from insecure access to land for urban farmers. The fragmentation of policy areas related to land use, health and economic development further complicates UA integration. Historically, UA has been underrepresented in urban development discussions, which have prioritized other sustainability topics such as energy and mobility. To address these challenges, the study highlights the importance of supportive policy frameworks and institutional mechanisms. Cities worldwide have implemented strategies to promote UA, such as zoning regulations permitting urban farming, incentives for rooftop and community gardens and financial support for UA initiatives. The formation of food policy councils and urban agriculture networks fosters collaboration among government agencies, community organizations and residents.

In conclusion, while UA offers significant benefits, its integration into urban planning requires overcoming systemic barriers and enhancing institutional support. By developing supportive policy frameworks and practical tools, cities can better incorporate UA into their planning processes, fostering sustainable urban growth and improving food security. The comparative analysis of Dresden and Glasgow provides valuable insights and lessons for other cities seeking to promote sustainable urban agriculture.