Nurse-led PMTCT intervention: Enhancing HIV prevention in ` developing countries

Abstract

In this thesis, we have explored the escalating burden of HIV in developing countries and focused on the nurse’s role in implementing PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission) strategies in rural areas. Discussion has revolved around enhancing nursing integration into formal healthcare systems to prevent HIV transmission from pregnant women to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Purpose of this thesis is to describe the role of nurses in PMTCT programs and their impact on reducing HIV transmission. The thesis was conducted as a descriptive literature review. Eleven (11) scientific publications were selected for the literature review. The thesis highlighted the nursing practices that can be used to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child in developing countries by analysis of existing scientific studies. To organise the results, findings from databases like CINAHL and PUBMED are summarised in research table. This research demonstrates that nurse-led PMTCT initiatives significantly reduce HIV transmission in developing countries by improving patient education, promoting ART adherence, and integrating family-centred care. It highlights key factors such as the importance of updated training for nurses, addressing stigma, and overcoming resource constraints to enhance the effectiveness of PMTCT programs. The study also explores how nurses contribute to improving maternal decisions regarding HIV testing and treatment adherence, thus highlighting the practical insights to strengthen healthcare support systems for mothers and infants. The literature review has highlighted the significant role nurses play throughout pregnancy in developing countries. Also, by analyzing current findings, this study has tried to provide valuable insights to policymakers about healthcare settings in rural areas.