Comparative Environmental Impact Assessment of Lithium Mining and Fossil Fuel Extraction: A Case Study of Africa

Abstract

From an environmental impact viewpoint, this study investigates lithium mining and extracting fossil resources in Africa, significantly emphasizing ecological, economic, and legal issues. The ecological aftereffects of lithium mining and the three effective points that correspond to these impacts, specifically referred to land degradation, water depletion, and habitat destruction, were revealed in 20 selected articles. A comparative analysis shows that lithium mining and fossil fuel extraction have a trade-off where a balanced approach to natural resource management is necessary. Further, the development of the latest production technologies, which are eco-friendly and community engagement programs, can be employed as a potential strategy to facilitate sustainable lithium mining. Prescriptions include stricter legislative initiatives, improved interested parties’ involvement, provision of necessary finances to research and development (R&D), and ensuring Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for corporations. Thus, by bringing in the applied measures, the stakeholders can help to curb both the environmental and social harm and encourage the development of sustainable mining operations, for instance, in the African lithium mining sector.