Comparison of ecological wastewater management in three European countries

Abstract

This thesis examines wastewater treatment practices in Slovakia, Czechia, and Finland, evaluating their compliance with European Union (EU) environmental standards. A comparative analysis investigates the diverse approaches and challenges faced by each nation. The thesis integrates official national and EU reports, secondary sources, and relevant data, considering socio-economic contexts to provide a reliable overview of the current state of wastewater practices in these countries. The research reveals variations in infrastructure regulatory compliance and sustainability initiatives. Specifically Slovakia’s infrastructure, despite EU funding, is aging and requires significant modernization. Czechia while possessing the highest number of treatment plants struggles with efficiency and resilience, though it shows an example in data transparency and innovative infrastructure planning. Finland demonstrates strong environmental awareness and leadership, proved by advanced underground wastewater treatment plants designed to mitigate climate change impacts. The thesis highlights the importance of context-specific strategies and socio-economic aspects while all three countries continue to improve their approach towards a more sustainable future.