Synchronized Skating Sport Analysis: Physiological and Neuromuscular Responses

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current physical demands of synchronized skating at the international ISU Senior level. Despite Finland's status as a global leader in the sport, research specifically focused on the performance requirements of synchronized skating is limited. This thesis aims to provide coaches and sport professionals with evidence-based insights to support athlete development and programming. The theoretical framework outlines the physical qualities required in synchronized skating including endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, and coordination and discusses the psychological skills important for high-level performance in a team sport context. Emphasis is placed on the multidimensional nature of the sport and the developmental path of the athletes. The research part was conducted during season 2024-2025 using a quantitative approach focusing on physiological testing. Post-performance blood lactate measurements and counter-movement jump (CMJ) tests were carried out with Finnish ISU Senior level skaters to assess anaerobic load and neuromuscular fatigue during full-length short and free programs under training conditions. Results showed that the free program imposed significantly higher anaerobic load than the short program, with differences observed between athlete roles. Lifters demonstrated higher lactate values than flyers. CMJ data indicated individual variability, with some athletes showing jump height decrease due to neuromuscular fatigue and others demonstrating performance enhancement likely due to post-activation effects. These findings emphasize the value of physical testing in identifying the different responses to performance demands and highlight the importance of programming on individual level if possible. These data-driven approaches can support coaches in decision-making and creating a more targeted and sustainable long-term athlete development.