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A comparative study of waste management systems in developing countries and westren world : observations from Pakistan, Finland, Sweden and Germany

Ameer, Muhammad Javaid (2025)

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Ameer, Muhammad Javaid
2025
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2025052918136
Tiivistelmä
In the recent past, there has been increased global attention on sustainable development, particularly in terms of waste management. This study is primarily focused on the comparison of the waste management systems in developing countries and developed western world countries with observations from Pakistan, Finland, Sweden and Germany respectively. The study was carried out in partnership with Pakistan-based entrepreneur Zahid Brother to gain insights about Pakistan's waste management system.

The purpose of the thesis is to analyse waste management policies in Western world and how effectively they can be implemented in Pakistan to meet sustainability requirements. To answer the objective of the thesis, the research questions raised were about the key differences and similarities between developed Western countries and Pakistan’s waste management policies, levels of public participation, and issues faced by local businesses. A quantitative research method was utilised, and semi-structured interviews were used to interview the management of small and medium sized companies participating in waste management in Pakistan.

This study indicated that most business owners were positive and hopeful since steps, such as the plastic bags ban, have been adopted at private businesses in Pakistan, which shows a growing commitment to sustainable waste management reform. Some key issues, including weak regulatory enforcement, insufficient infrastructure, limited technological collaboration, and low public awareness, all contribute to Pakistan's waste management challenges. It was found that effective waste management in Pakistan required strong policy framework, strict rules, and financial incentives for business owners. One suggestion is that the government should promote public-private partnership with tax incentives in building efficient waste management infrastructure and recycling mechanisms in developing countries like Pakistan.
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