Sustainability and Green Logistics in Europe: Vehicle Technology

Abstract

The European transportation sector during the early 21st century faced mounting pressure from environmental concerns about climate change and air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. The logistics sector historically maintained its focus on financial efficiency at the expense of environmental sustainability. The rise of environmental consciousness together with European Union regulations triggered the transformation of logistics operations toward sustainable practices. New cleaner vehicle technologies gained support during this transition period. The research aimed to explore sustainable vehicle technology development across Europe alongside its potential contribution to zero- and low-emission logistics goals. The study concentrated on four main areas which were electrification, alternative fuels, battery innovations and vehicle design improvements. The study also evaluated the various technical and economic challenges which were connected to infrastructure development and regulatory inconsistencies. The research received qualitative treatment through literature evaluations and case studies which examined major European truck manufacturers including Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Scania, Renault, DAF, and IVECO. The research analyzed their strategic approaches to vehicle electrification and fuel cell technology and modular vehicle design methods and sustainability digital tool integration. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) serve as the preferred choice for short to medium-range logistics operations while hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) demonstrate their potential for extended-distance transportation. The business sector adopted various technologies for different applications which include solidstate batteries alongside renewable fuels and advanced driver assistance systems. The environment bene fits from innovative approaches that include second-life battery uses and connected automated vehicles. European manufacturers demonstrated substantial success in establishing sustainable vehicle technologies for their logistics operations. The industry needed cooperation between its members together with government bodies and customer groups to achieve their objectives. The logistics sector in Europe could achieve a sustainable and low-carbon future through proper infrastructure investments and policy frameworks.