Virtual reality fire evacuation simulation using unity for Xamk campus

Abstract

This thesis presents the design, development, and evaluation of a VR fire evacuation simulation for the Xamk Kotka campus that was ecologically valid and immersive. The primary objective was to address the limitations of traditional fire drills. This approach offered campus occupants a flexible, risk-free, and engaging alternative that helps overcome workflow disruptions, infrequent repetition, and limited realism. The study examined technical and user experience challenges in developing a VR system. It aims to balance environmental fidelity with performance on accessible hardware. The methodology employed a mixed-method approach. The Unity Experiment Framework automatically recorded quantitative data on evacuation durations and response times. The study gathered qualitative data through Likert-scale surveys and participants observations. Fifteen participants underwent three trials: two with assistance and one without. The results demonstrated a 24% decrease in evacuation times and a 40% enhancement in response times, highlighting improved decision- making and knowledge retention. Survey results indicated that participants were confident in evacuation skills and agreed on the simulation's ecological validity and training benefits. However, users reported motion sickness, especially during stair navigation. The findings presented in this thesis demonstrate that VR-based fire evacuation training can enhance preparedness, spatial awareness, and user engagement while minimising disruption. The study concluded that VR simulations complement traditional drills and suggest further research on skill retention, accessibility, and the integration of adaptive