Pharmacological Competencies in Nursing : A literature review

Abstract

Pharmacological competence is essential for safe and effective nursing practices, as nurses are responsible for preparing, administering, monitoring, and educating patients about medications. Insufficient proficiency in this area can lead to adverse drug events, medication errors, and compromised patient safety. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the key pharmacological competencies required in modern nursing practice, highlight existing knowledge gaps, and explore strategies for improvement. A qualitative literature review was conducted using ten peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025, retrieved from CINAHL, Sage Journals, and Academic Search Complete. Thematic analysis was conducted using the framework developed by Braun and Clarke (2006). The findings identified four key areas of pharmacological competence: knowledge (Pharmacological knowledge, knowledge beyond pharmacology, high-risk medication), skills (calculation, administration, documentation), attitude (risk management and safety culture, communication and teamwork, reflective practice), and emerging competence (digital health literacy, AI-assisted support, nurse prescribing). The review concluded that significant gaps remain in accurate dosage calculation, adherence to medication guidelines, and a comprehensive understanding of drug interactions and mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for stronger integration of pharmacology throughout nursing education, combined with ongoing workplace training and support. Addressing these gaps is essential for strengthening patient safety, enhancing clinical decision-making, and preparing nurses for evolving medication management roles in modern healthcare.