Risk Assessment for a Wind Farm in Wintertime

Abstract

This study examines how occupational safety and risk management principles are implemented in wind farm operations during winter conditions. The research focuses on identifying the environmental, organisational, and behavioural factors that influence worker safety in cold climate environments and explores how international standards can guide effective risk mitigation. The knowledge base is grounded in ISO 31000:2018 Risk Management – Guidelines and ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems – Requirements, complemented by literature from the International Labour Organization (ILO 2019) and the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC 2021).

A qualitative case study approach was adopted, data were collected through two face to face semi structured interviews with two key personnel responsible for maintenance and safety in a Finnish onshore windfarm organisation. Supporting industry documents, including ISO based risk assessment templates and safety checklists, were analysed to provide contextual understanding. The data were examined using thematic content analysis.

The findings show that the main safety challenges arise from environmental hazards such as icing, strong winds, and limited visibility. Nevertheless, proactive organisational planning, continuous communication, and reliable monitoring systems significantly reduce exposure to these risks. Worker behaviour and safety culture also play a vital role, as consistent adherence to procedures and peer communication strengthens overall safety performance. The study concludes that integrated safety management systems combining technical controls, training, and behavioural initiatives are essential for maintaining safe and efficient operations in extreme winter conditions. Practical recommendations include enhancing continuous training, reinforcing monitoring technologies, and standardising safety documentation.