Management and utilization of clean surplus soil: soil bank operations of Ekokaari Oy

Abstract

Construction projects generate large volumes of surplus soil, posing both environmental and economic management challenges. In the Kymenlaakso region, limited soil disposal capacity points out the need for systematic and well-defined surplus soil management practices. As sustainability and material circulation gain importance in environmental policy and construction, the reuse of clean surplus soil has become an increasingly important topic. This study was commissioned by Ekokaari Oy, which plans to launch clean surplus soil management operations in 2026. The objective was to develop practical tools to support the initiation of new soil bank and soil disposal operations. A qualitative research approach was applied, combining literature review, expert interviews and observations participating in the operations of the company. The theoretical framework addresses regulations and standards for surplus soil management, regional soil resources and risks in Kymenlaakso, and best practices for surplus soil reception and utilization. As a result, three tools were developed: a product catalogue defining five soil categories based on technical properties and reuse potential, a decision tree for incoming surplus soil loads, and a process flow chart covering all phases of clean surplus soil management. These tools are designed to simplify material handling, clarify responsibilities, and support consistent decision-making in daily operations and they provide a practical starting point for managing clean surplus soils. Since the tools are specifically tailored to Ekokaari Oy’s operational context, broader application would require adaptation to different operational environments. The study also includes reflections on surplus soil management practices in other countries, as well as recommendations for future applications. Overall, the thesis contributes to advancing circular economy principles and promoting sustainable management of soil resources in Finland.