Comparative Study of the Environmental and Nutritional Impacts of Diet Shift: Evaluate a Meat-heavy vs. Plant-based Diet for Nutrient Adequacy and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

This thesis presents a comparative analysis of two contradictory dietary patterns reflecting on environmental and nutritional implications, with an aim to provide an optimal recommendation for a diet shift based on their potential roles in supporting human health and address environmental pressures. The study consists of theoretical references, further reinforced by a practical database from a preliminary survey. Particularly, the theoretical component initially focuses on the environmental impacts of two diets examining their Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that includes greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and other resource consumption. In terms of nutritional provision, macro- and micronutrient compositions, nutrient density, and bioavailability of typical foods within both diets are brought into evaluation, which plays an important role in later diet shift suggestion, alongside LCA. A survey was conducted to strengthen scientific evidence, in which consumer’s data were virtually collected on dietary preferences, self-perception of health and environmental impacts and attitude towards dietary change. Overall, the combination of both conceptual and empirical backgrounds is intended to approach the Mediterranean diet, suggested as a transition that balances nutritional adequacy and environmental sustainability.