Diabeteslapsen hoitopolku erikoissairaanhoidosta kouluun

Abstract

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kerätä tietoa alakouluikäisen diabeteslapsen hoitopolusta erikoissairaanhoidosta kouluun Helsingin alueella. Kartoitimme moniammatillista yhteistyötä hoidon eri osa-alueilla. Opinnäytetyömme on osa yhteistyöhanketta ” Terveyttä edistävien työmenetelmien arviointi ja kehittäminen 2009 – 2011, näkökulmana lapsiperheiden ja nuorten palvelut”. Työmme liittyy moniammatillisen työryhmän toimintaan, jonka tavoitteena on muodostaa diabeteslapsen koulupäivän sujumista kuvaava kaavio ja näin selkiyttää diabeteslapsen koulupäivän sujumista ja koulujen käytäntöjä. Toteutimme laadullisen tutkimuksen teemahaastattelujen avulla. Teemat olivat diabeteslapsen hoitopolku, hoito ja terveyden edistäminen sekä tiedon siirto. Haastattelimme parihaastatteluna Lasten ja nuorten sairaalan diabeteslääkäriä ja -hoitajaa. Yksilöhaastattelut teimme yhdelle alakoulun rehtorille, yhdelle opettajalle ja kahdelle terveydenhoitajalle. Aineiston analysoimme sisällönanalyysin avulla.

The purpose of this study was to gather information about a primary school aged child with diabetes and his/ her care pathway from special health care to school in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. We examined multiprofessional teamwork in different fields of nursing and health care. Our study is a part of a wider project called “ Development of health promotion practices in primary health care. Focus on child and adolescent health". Our study related to a multiprofessional teams` work, and the idea was to make a scheme that would tell us about the diabetic child`s day at school. We did our qualitative study with thematic interviews. The themes were multiprofessional care, care and health promotion and data transmission. We interviewed one medical doctor specialised in diabetes and one diabetes nurse at the Children`s Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. We also interviewed one primary school headmaster, one teacher and two public health nurses. The data were analysed by the methods of content analysis. There were a lot of participants in the multiprofessional care of the diabetic child. Teamwork was being done a lot and all the participants found it important. A good way to do teamwork was negotiation, that usually took place in school. Parents gave information about their child`s disease to school. They brought written instructions in how to take care of their child`s diabetes. Public health nurses hoped for more teamwork with special health care. The diabetic child`s psychosocial support was a challenge; there were not enough resources or know-how in schools. Also contradictory expectations, teachers workload, limited time and role, public health nurses minor presence at schools bròught problems. In future, a clear challenge is the guideline that the teachers do not give insulin injections to the diabetic child. Everybody hopes that there could be more helping hands to support the child and a shared wish is to give the diabetic child as normal life as possible.