Characterization of a new, in vivo model of breast cancer lung metastasis
Honkamäki, Cilla (2020)
Avaa tiedosto
Lataukset:
2020
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2020052413248
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2020052413248
Tiivistelmä
This Bachelor’s thesis was made in research group which operates in the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, at the Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland. Bachelor’s thesis aim is to characterize of a new in vivo model of breast cancer lung metastasis. Research group has started their study recently and the study will continue further to cancer drugs.
Cancer is a worldwide and common fatal disease. Cancer has been studied over time and is an important subject of research today. The studies over time have led to the discovery of new medicines and therapies to cancer. The origin of cancer is the due of many factors. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and it is the most common cancer in women. Breast cancer can be aggressive and metastatic which is related with poor prognosis.
One of the important tyrosine kinase proteins in breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor HER-2 and its overexpression is associated to cancer development. It acts as an activator in many signaling cascades and a part in cell growth, dividing, proliferation and cells repairing themselves. HER-2 is a commonly used biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and it is also used in prognosis and treatment planning.
Cytokeratins are composed of keratin proteins and expressed in all epithelial cells. Those are intermediate filaments in eukaryote epithelial cells and thus are part of the cytoskeleton. Cytokeratins are typically expressed in different types of carcinomas and cancer cases. Anticytokeratins are specific markers for epithelial cell differentiation and are used as tools for the classification and identification of tumors.
Tumor samples were stained using two-step immunohistochemical staining with two different antibodies, HER-2 and Anti-Pan Cytokeratin. Immunohistochemical staining is an antibody-antigen method and a positive result is shown as brown color.
The results are based on immunohistochemical staining's shown in the figures. The characterization has been implemented by describing the metastasis of tumors and their cell structure and comparing the two different antibody staining's. I did the conclusions of the results, based on the theory of earlier studies.
Cancer is a worldwide and common fatal disease. Cancer has been studied over time and is an important subject of research today. The studies over time have led to the discovery of new medicines and therapies to cancer. The origin of cancer is the due of many factors. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and it is the most common cancer in women. Breast cancer can be aggressive and metastatic which is related with poor prognosis.
One of the important tyrosine kinase proteins in breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor HER-2 and its overexpression is associated to cancer development. It acts as an activator in many signaling cascades and a part in cell growth, dividing, proliferation and cells repairing themselves. HER-2 is a commonly used biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and it is also used in prognosis and treatment planning.
Cytokeratins are composed of keratin proteins and expressed in all epithelial cells. Those are intermediate filaments in eukaryote epithelial cells and thus are part of the cytoskeleton. Cytokeratins are typically expressed in different types of carcinomas and cancer cases. Anticytokeratins are specific markers for epithelial cell differentiation and are used as tools for the classification and identification of tumors.
Tumor samples were stained using two-step immunohistochemical staining with two different antibodies, HER-2 and Anti-Pan Cytokeratin. Immunohistochemical staining is an antibody-antigen method and a positive result is shown as brown color.
The results are based on immunohistochemical staining's shown in the figures. The characterization has been implemented by describing the metastasis of tumors and their cell structure and comparing the two different antibody staining's. I did the conclusions of the results, based on the theory of earlier studies.