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Spinal manipulation technique as a treatment for episodic migraines

Schander, Isabelle (2022)

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Schander, Isabelle
2022
All rights reserved. This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2023051210423
Tiivistelmä
Introduction: Migraines are a common problem throughout the world. In 2016 the World Health Organization ranked migraines as the second highest leading cause of years lived with disability. The true exact number of migraineurs around the world is hard determine because not all patients visit practitioners or have the possibility to receive help with treatment.

Background: A migraine is described as a unilateral, pulsating and quite severe pain headache. It often goes hand in hand with photophobia and phonophobia, nausea and at times vomiting and it can be aggravated by physical activity. Pharmacological treatment is based around stopping symptoms and preventing future episodes. Spinal Manipulation Techniques (SMT) are high velocity thrust (HVT) techniques used by many manual therapy professions. They are direct techniques which use ”high velocity, low amplitude forces” to mobilize the joints. Tension in joints could be a contributing factor to migraine episodes. Therefore using it to treat may be effective.

Method: This study is a literature review. The study aims to uncover whether SMT is an effective way to treat pain and intensity of episodic migraines. Using PubMed, Scopus and Cinahl with the search phrase (migraine) AND ("muskuloskeletal manipulat*" OR osteopath* OR chiropract* OR manipulat* OR articulat* OR mobili*) a total of 324 studies were found and narrowed down.

Results: Results show that SMT is an effective way to treat migraines. Decreasing intensity, frequency and duration of migraine episodes with a 29.9% on average.

Discussion: The results of these studies show that SMT make a difference when it comes to the intensity, frequency and duration of the migraines, the factors are not completely known as to why of what it is that makes the difference. In the studies with placebo groups these patients experienced an improvement in the factors mentioned earlier. This leads to a discussion on whether it is the SMT or just the manual therapists hands on the body that make a difference.

Conclusion: More research is needed, but SMT seems to be an effective way to treat the intensity, frequency and duration of migraines. Consideration must also be taken to the fact that treatment may cause an episode.
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