The Complexity of Choosing Sustainable Smartphone Options in the Face of Planned Obsolescence : An Exploratory Study of Smartphone Consumer Behaviour

Abstract

Smartphones are the fastest-growing stream of electronic waste due to frequent replacement of still-functioning devices. Premature replacement is heavily attributed to planned obsolescence, where companies encourage faster repurchases through functional, perceived and economic obsolescence. This study explores consumer awareness of smartphone obsolescence and how it affects purchasing decisions, especially with sustainable alternatives available. Understanding these factors reveals how consumers view the impact of their choices and what drives or hinders sustainable behaviour. Using a qualitative method, the study examined 24-31-year-old smartphone users in Helsinki through a focus group. Participants discussed their priorities in a phone, observed obsolescence practices and their awareness and perception of sustainable alternatives. The method and results analysis were developed using consumer behaviour, decision-making, perception, and intention-related theories. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results indicate that consumers value functionality, design, and convenience over longevity or sustainability. Participants showed awareness of functional and economic and high awareness of perceived obsolescence practices. This somewhat influenced their purchasing behaviour, leading them to prolong device use or choose sustainable options. Participants were highly aware of smartphone sustainability issues and options. In conclusion, consumers in Helsinki seem quite aware of planned obsolescence and, where possible, aim to negate it. However, the overall barriers caused by the lack of government regulation and attractive, sustainable offerings limit consumers’ ability and motivation to act. The study’s scope does not include consumers of other demographics or geographic locations. Findings are limited by sample size and singular focus group; more research is needed to increase generalisability.