IoT-Enabled Smart Lighting System for Smart Cities
Mashrur, Fahim Uddin (2025)
2025
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2025121837988
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2025121837988
Tiivistelmä
This thesis aimed to build and implement a cost-effective IoT-enabled smart street lighting prototype that exemplifies demand-responsive lighting control for smart city settings. The aim was to construct a four-node system that responds to motion, functions via a Wi-Fi mesh network without a central controller and facilitates straightforward local adjustment of operational parameters. The objective of the work was to assess the reliability and energy-efficient performance of cost-effective ESP32-based hardware and basic sensors for educational, laboratory, and small-scale pilot applications.
The system was constructed utilizing Arduino Nano ESP32 microcontrollers, PIR motion sensors, LEDs with resistors, and a breadboard-based node configuration powered by 5 V USB supply. Each node operated on a two-phase firmware featuring a CONFIG mode, which enabled the device to serve as a local access point and web interface for configuring the LED ON duration, and a MESH mode, wherein nodes established a Wi-Fi mesh utilizing a painlessMesh based framework. Upon configuration, Node 1 disseminated a one-time delay parameter to synchronize timing among all nodes, while motion events were transmitted as JSON messages that activated a predetermined blink choreography along the four-node "street" line. The prototype underwent testing according to a systematic approach that encompassed configuration flow, invalid input management, mesh generation, motion propagation, timing precision, and robustness against node failures.
The findings demonstrated that mesh-wide delay synchronization was accomplished in roughly two seconds after initiation, and all nodes properly transitioned from CONFIG to MESH mode. Each PIR trigger caused the appropriate combination of nearby and local LEDs to blink, demonstrating the anticipated behavior of motion-driven choreography. Adequate timing precision for a visual demonstration was shown by measured LED ON timings that were within around 1.5% of the specified values. According to the testing, keeping configuration and mesh operation apart prevented Wi-Fi contention and promoted consistent, reliable behavior. The thesis concludes that inexpensive IoT hardware can enable autonomous, demand-responsive street lighting and serve as a strong foundation for additional improvements like dimming, ambient-light sensing, persistent con-figuration, and increased security when paired with mesh networking and straightforward web-based configuration.
The system was constructed utilizing Arduino Nano ESP32 microcontrollers, PIR motion sensors, LEDs with resistors, and a breadboard-based node configuration powered by 5 V USB supply. Each node operated on a two-phase firmware featuring a CONFIG mode, which enabled the device to serve as a local access point and web interface for configuring the LED ON duration, and a MESH mode, wherein nodes established a Wi-Fi mesh utilizing a painlessMesh based framework. Upon configuration, Node 1 disseminated a one-time delay parameter to synchronize timing among all nodes, while motion events were transmitted as JSON messages that activated a predetermined blink choreography along the four-node "street" line. The prototype underwent testing according to a systematic approach that encompassed configuration flow, invalid input management, mesh generation, motion propagation, timing precision, and robustness against node failures.
The findings demonstrated that mesh-wide delay synchronization was accomplished in roughly two seconds after initiation, and all nodes properly transitioned from CONFIG to MESH mode. Each PIR trigger caused the appropriate combination of nearby and local LEDs to blink, demonstrating the anticipated behavior of motion-driven choreography. Adequate timing precision for a visual demonstration was shown by measured LED ON timings that were within around 1.5% of the specified values. According to the testing, keeping configuration and mesh operation apart prevented Wi-Fi contention and promoted consistent, reliable behavior. The thesis concludes that inexpensive IoT hardware can enable autonomous, demand-responsive street lighting and serve as a strong foundation for additional improvements like dimming, ambient-light sensing, persistent con-figuration, and increased security when paired with mesh networking and straightforward web-based configuration.