Design and Implementation of a Smart Insole for the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers are still a major medical problem, and most current solutions cannot monitor foot pressure in real time and reduce pressure together in one device. This study aimed to solve this problem by developing a smart insole that continuously measures plantar pressure and adjusts pressure distribution while walking. Using design science and a mixed-methods approach, the researcher combined expert feedback with practical testing during the development process. The final prototype included built-in pressure sensors and a manually adaptive pressure offloading for real-time pressure relief. Expert evaluations showed that the device is practical, clinically useful, and has strong potential for early intervention and more personalized diabetic foot care. This study suggests that a user-centered and cost-effective smart insole can help prevent and manage diabetic foot complications in the long term.