Exploring Mental Well-Being and Motivation in Tele-Rehabilitation for Elderly Home Users

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis was to explore how mental well-being and motivation are addressed in tele-rehabilitation for elderly home users. The study was conducted as a scoping review because the topic covers different types of evidence, interventions and outcome measures. The review focused on home-based or remotely supported rehabilitation for elderly users, with attention to motivation, emotional experience, usability, quality of life, self-care, acceptance and engagement. The evidence synthesis included twelve studies. Six studies were direct-focus tele-rehabilitation studies, while six were contextual supporting studies on telehealth adoption, technology anxiety, digital readiness, usability and barriers among older adults. Methodological and background sources were used separately to support definitions, reporting and review design, but they were not counted as evidence studies. The data were charted and analysed using a descriptive thematic approach. The findings showed that mental well-being and motivation were present in the reviewed literature, but they were usually addressed indirectly. Motivation appeared through enjoyment, self-awareness, feedback, routine contact, adherence, goal setting and local support. Mental well-being appeared through quality of life, therapeutic self-care, confidence, reassurance, social connection, therapeutic relationship and perceived safety. Usability and acceptance were also important because engagement depended on understandable technology, clear instructions, digital confidence and human support.

The thesis concludes that tele-rehabilitation for elderly home users should be understood as a supported rehabilitation process rather than only as remote exercise delivery or a technical service. From a technology perspective, systems should be simple, reliable and older-adult-friendly. From a healthcare and social perspective, tele-rehabilitation should include professional guidance, emotional reassurance and support that fits the user’s home situation. Future research should measure motivation and mental well-being more directly and examine how tele-rehabilitation can support long-term engagement after structured programmes end.