Alternative source energy to curb use of firewood in Kenyan boarding schools

Abstract

This research study investigated alternative energy sources to address the firewood consumption in Kenyan boarding schools. The focus will be on bio-gas, solar energy, wind energy, and sugarcane bagasse as potential substitutes. The study’s goal was to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and suitability of these alternatives in meeting the energy demands of boarding schools. The guiding framework for this study was the energy justice theory, social-ecological systems theory, and socio-technical transitions theory. Its core objective was to establish sustainable energy sources that alleviate the reliance on firewood in Kenyan boarding schools. The specific objectives were to explore the potential of biogas, solar energy, wind energy, and sugarcane bagasse in curbing firewood use. An explanatory approach, targeting energy experts in Kenya, particularly those with insights into the use of firewood in boarding schools was employed. The Delphi data collection method had questionnaires administered to the expert panel in three rounds. The findings high-lighted biogas as the most favorable alternative energy source for Kenyan boarding schools, offering sustainability, economic viability, and a substantial reduction in firewood usage. While solar energy is a potential, challenges like high initial costs are noted. Wind energy faces logistical and social acceptance issues, and sugarcane bagasse raises concerns about technology, infrastructure, and awareness. The recommendations emphasized tailored policies, financial support, educational programs, and collaborative efforts to promote the widespread adoption of biogas and facilitate a sustainable shift in energy practices.