Effectiveness of municipal solid waste management systems in Douala, Cameroon

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of new technologies in managing municipal solid waste (MSW) in Douala, Cameroon, amidst rising urbanization and industrialization. The primary aim was to evaluate current MSW management practices, identify challenges, and explore the potential of technological innovations to enhance efficiency and sustainability. The research adopted a quantitative methodology, involving purposive sampling and survey questionnaires distributed to 127 respondents from key institutions such as the Douala City Council and the Ministry of Environment.

Findings revealed significant inefficiencies in Douala's waste management system, including outdated equipment, insufficient funding, and low public involvement. Current practices such as open dumping and landfilling contribute to “environmental and health hazards, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions”. Despite limited awareness and adoption, “technologies such as waste-to-energy (WtE) systems”, automated sorting, and smart waste management offer substantial benefits, including cost reduction, improved efficiency, and environmental sustainability. However, barriers such as high implementation costs, lack of technical expertise, and weak regulatory frameworks hinder their adoption. The study recommends investments in infrastructure, capacity-building initiatives, and public-private partnerships. Strengthening policy frameworks and promoting public awareness are critical for overcoming these challenges. By integrating advanced technologies, Douala can achieve a sustainable MSWM system aligned with global best practices.