International Business Strategy in Adult Education: A Focus on Vocational Training Programs for Emerging Markets

Abstract

This thesis develops international business strategies to revitalize adult education and vocational training programs in emerging markets. A multidisciplinary approach merges international business, education, and socio-economic development considerations to tackle challenges such as insufficient funding, inadequate infrastructure, and misalignment with market needs. The study is based on Andragogy (Knowles, 1980) and Transformative Learning Theory (Mezirow, 1991), providing a conceptual framework for understanding adult learning. Porter’s Five Forces and the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) are adapted to integrate action-learning programs. Meanwhile, Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach reinforces the connection between education, economic development, and human capabilities.

A sequential mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, was utilized through surveys, interviews, and literature reviews. Findings indicate that innovative strategies, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable practices significantly contribute to bridging skills gaps and promoting economic growth. This study highlights the critical role of vocational training programs in achieving sustainable development by aligning business and education for long-term impact.